Parkinson's Disease is a neurodegenerative disorder that mostly affects the dopamine producing nerves in a part of the brain called the substantia nigra.
It affects movement gradually, but usually doesn't directly cause death. It can, however, cause difficulty swallowing, which could result in death.
James Parkinson, a doctor from London, discovered this disease in 1817 and named it after himself. He published a "detailed medical essay (Mandal, 4)" called "An Essay on the Shaking Palsy." After this, Parkinson's Disease was registered as an official disease.
John Henkel, FDA, Wikimedia, Public Domain.